Mendenhall Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding Technical Report

Welcome to the Mendenhall Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding Technical Report public information webpage. The purpose of this site is to provide information to interested parties about the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Alaska District's work developing a technical report of the Mendenhall Glacial Lake outburst flooding that affects Juneau citizens living in the Mendenhall Valley. 

Situation

In August 2024 and previous years, a Mendenhall Glacier outburst flooding event, known as a jökulhlaup (Yah-cuh-laup), or a glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF), occurred in the Mendenhall Valley near Juneau, the state capital, in Southeast Alaska. Present day Mendenhall GLOFs began occurring in 2011 when the retreat of Suicide Basin left an open space alongside the Mendenhall Glacier. This over-deepened bedrock basin is known as Suicide Basin. These GLOF events occur most years; however, the rapid retreat of the Suicide Glacier and changes to the Mendenhall Glacier has increased the severity and likelihood of flooding. Each year, the basin fills with rain and meltwater before bursting under the Mendenhall Glacier and downstream into the Mendenhall Lake and River. The last two years of flooding have been unprecedented with water levels at the USGS Mendenhall River stream gage peaking at 14.97 feet and 15.99 feet in 2023 and 2025, respectively. Due to the dynamic nature of the evolving glaciers and river hydraulics, geometry and evolution, two GLOF events with the same water level rise at the stream gage can lead to different rises in the river, and a given rise at the stream gage can cause a greater rise along parts of the river. These river heights flooded neighborhoods in the Mendenhall Valley creating severe risk to life and property.

The August 2024 event eclipsed all previous events with a peak discharge of 42,700 cubic feet per second (cfs). It caused widespread damage in the valley impacting about 300 residences. For context, a 2020 FEMA Flood Insurance Study lists that the 0.2 percent chance exceedance (a 500-year event) would have a discharge of 26,060 cfs at the outlet of the river. More than 300 homes were damaged in the 2024 event. 

In March 2025, the USACE National Flood Fight Materiel Center at the Rock Island District shipped ten trucks of flood fighting supplies to support flood mitigation efforts in Juneau. The supplies originated from five staging areas in four USACE divisions.

What is a technical report?

Technical reports serve to document research, engineering analyses, planning analysis, and other technical work performed by or for USACE. They are used to inform decision-making, guide future actions, and provide a record of USACE's work. ​Typically, these reports include detailed information about the project's objectives, methodology, results, conclusions and recommendations. They may also include data, calculations, models, and other technical information relevant to the project. USACE is authorized to conduct this effort under Section 8315 of the Water Resources Development Act of 2022 (WRDA).

In short, a technical report helps USACE understand the parameters of a potential project to inform larger studies related to the Federal interest and to determine the best engineering solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Expand List item 38209Collapse List item 38209  1) When do you anticipate starting the study, and what is your target date for completing it?

The study formally began the day the agreement was executed with the City and Borough of Juneau. As of yet no date of completion has been determined, however we understand the severity of the situation and will go as quickly as possible.

Expand List item 38210Collapse List item 38210  2) What will the report contain? I understand that it will feed into the General Investigation, but it's unclear what it consists of, and what will remain to be completed by the GI. Do you have examples of similar reports?

The technical study is just what is sounds like, a collection of technical data, modeling, and analysis. There is no set standard or template for technical reports. They are most similar to a research effort. A GI study/feasibility study covers the planning process and the National Environmental Policy Act requirements (NEPA) of a project. In the case of Mendenhall, the technical effort will be a collection of data/models that will inform the planning and NEPA process in a GI feasibility study.

Expand List item 38211Collapse List item 38211  3) What options will you be evaluating? Or put another way, what options besides flood control dam will you be studying? The Corps has been engaged with this phenomenon for a decade now, starting with the USACE Silver Jackets study in 2015, so you're not starting from scratch.

The Technical report will collect data that will inform options or mitigation measures. It will not necessarily evaluate or rule out any options. You are correct. We are not starting from zero, but keep in mind that most Silver Jackets projects are small <$100K efforts with a very limited scope.

Expand List item 38212Collapse List item 38212  4) Not long ago the U.S. Forest Service completed a multi-year masterplan for the Mendenhall Glacier Recreation Area, including an Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision. They did extensive consultations and studies as part of that process. Based on my conversations with various USFS staff, the NEPA effort would not be that difficult for a dam at the outlet of the lake - other options such as tunneling up to the basin would add years to the effort. 

NEPA analysis would be conducted in a future GI study. If USACE plans to construct a project, then USACE will conduct the NEPA analysis and be lead agency. Very little effort would be needed from USFS.

Expand List item 38213Collapse List item 38213  5) What size release event will you be planning for (how much water from the basin and how fast)? What will be the source of that information?

This is a question the technical report will address. It is still unknown at this point. Ultimately, the source would be the technical report.

Expand List item 38214Collapse List item 38214  6) Which contractors will you be using? I assume that you have qualified Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quality (IDIQ) contracts available to you so you don't have to start from scratch with a new request for proposal (RFP)?

We will be using many contractors. We are not at liberty to discuss pre-awarded contracts, but these are the types of activities USACE does frequently. Also, USACE can pull upon its own 33,000 employees across its enterprise along with USACE Centers of Expertise and research labs.

Expand List item 38215Collapse List item 38215  7) When do you plan to set up a more formal framework for public engagement/dialogue? The document portal is helpful, but that really isn't dialogue. As someone who lives on the bank of the river, I think that qualifies me as a "stakeholder," along with hundreds of my fellow residents.

Documents will be released as they become public through the USACE websites. The technical report is about generating good quality science and data, however data generation requires very little dialogue. We will engage the public and stakeholders when input is necessary regarding decisions.  

Expand List item 38216Collapse List item 38216  8) Your leadership talked about some creative approaches to expedite this project. Can you expand on that at this point?

The technical study approach is one. It lets us start collecting data today to inform future decisions. Generally during feasibility studies, the data collection requires the longest lead time.

More Questions?

Contact the Public Affairs Office at public.affairs3@usace.army.mil.